Wireless ic device, clip-shaped rfid tag, and article having rfid tag

ABSTRACT

In a wireless IC device, a columnar body includes a metal body with an insulating film. A loop-shaped antenna conductor is provided on an upper surface of the columnar body via an insulating pedestal. The loop surface of the antenna conductor is parallel or substantially parallel to the upper surface of the columnar body. On the lower surface of a RFIC element, two terminal electrodes are provided. The RFIC element is mounted on the antenna conductor such that the two terminal electrodes are connected to both ends of the antenna conductor, respectively. One end of the connecting conductor is connected to the vicinity of one end of the antenna conductor, and the other end of the connecting conductor is connected to the upper surface of the columnar body.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese PatentApplication No. 2014-092643 filed on Apr. 28, 2014, Japanese PatentApplication No. 2014-126813 filed on Jun. 20, 2014 and Japanese PatentApplication No. 2014-222167 filed on Oct. 31, 2014 and is a ContinuationApplication of PCT Application No. PCT/JP2015/062030 filed on Apr. 21,2015. The entire contents of each application are hereby incorporatedherein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a wireless IC device and to a wirelessIC device in which an RFIC (radio frequency integrated circuit) elementis mounted on an object including a metal body. The present inventionalso relates to a clip-shaped RFID (radio frequency identifier) tag andto a clip-shaped RFID tag attachable to and detachable from a conductorof an article. The present invention further relates to an articleincluding an RFID tag such as an article including a conductor and aclip-shaped RFID tag attachable to and detachable from the conductor.

2. Description of the Related Art

If an RFID tag utilizing the UHF band for wireless communications isdirectly affixed to a metal body, an electric field component of radiowaves transmitted from a reader/writer becomes zero on a surface of thetag, making it unable to perform read/write of the tag. Therefore, whenan RFID tag is affixed to a metal body, the RFID tag is generallylocated away from a metal surface.

In this regard, WO 2009/008296 discloses a technique of affixing an RFIDtag having a loop antenna with a loop surface thereof perpendicular to ametal surface. This technique enables the RFID tag not only to pick upradio waves but also to utilize the metal surface as a radiationelement, so that the RFID tag (wireless IC device) with a large gain isachieved.

According to JP 2004-192287 A, electronic data is stored in a clipclipping a medium to be clipped such as paper. The electronic data isoutput and input through wireless communications utilizing an RFID.According to JP 2004-307209 A, a notification assisting apparatusincludes a first antenna part connected to a receiver, a second antennapart connected to an IC chip reader, and a clip-shaped main body towhich these antenna parts are attached. When the notification assistingapparatus is attached to a file and the second antenna part is pivoted,the second antenna part projects downward from the notificationassisting apparatus and comes into contact with, or in proximity to, aportion of the file. Transmission and reception between the notificationassisting apparatus and an IC chip are smoothly performed through thesecond antenna part.

However, the structure of WO 2009/008296 including an RFID tag affixedwith a loop surface perpendicular to a metal surface causes the RFID tagto project from the metal body and therefore is not suitable for a useparticularly requiring robustness of a tag (e.g., for a gas cylinder).

By attaching an RFID tag to a clip as described in JP 2004-192287 A orJP 2004-307209 A the RFID tag can easily be attached to and detachedfrom an object such as a paper document. However, if the object is aconductor, i.e., if the clip is attached to a conductor, the techniqueof JP 2004-192287 A or JP 2004-307209 A has a problem of not being ableto ensure a sufficient communication distance because the conductorimpairs the communication characteristics (particularly, the gain) ofthe RFID tag.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, preferred embodiments of the present invention providewireless IC devices capable of enhancing the robustness and the gain.

Other preferred embodiments of the present invention provide clip-shapedRFID tags and articles including an RFID tag capable of enhancing thecommunication characteristics.

A wireless IC device according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention includes an object with a metal body; a loop conductorincluding a first loop end and a second loop end; an RFIC elementincluding a first terminal electrode and a second terminal electroderespectively connected to the first loop end and the second loop end;and a connection conductor including a first end and a second endrespectively connected to the loop conductor and the object, the firstend is connected to the loop conductor in the vicinity of the first loopend.

Preferably, the loop conductor is disposed such that a loop surface ofthe lop conductor extends along a surface of the object.

Preferably, the RFIC element includes an RFIC chip including a firstinput/output terminal and a second input/output terminal respectivelyconnected to the first terminal electrode and the second terminalelectrode; an electrical length between the first input/output terminaland the second input/output terminal is about ½ of a wavelength of acommunication signal; and an electrical length from a farthest end ofthe metal body based on the second end to the first input/outputterminal is equal to or greater than about ½ of a wavelength of thecommunication signal.

In a certain aspect of a preferred embodiment of the present invention,the metal body includes a first edge that is different from a secondedge corresponding to the farthest end, and the second end is connectedat the first edge to the object.

In another aspect of a preferred embodiment of the present invention,the RFIC element further includes a power feeding circuit locatedbetween the loop conductor and the RFIC chip, and the first terminalelectrode and the second terminal electrode are connected through thepower feeding circuit to the first input/output terminal and the secondinput/output terminal.

Preferably, the wireless IC device further includes an insulatorprovided on the surface of the object, and the second end is connectedthrough the insulator to the object.

A clip-shaped RFID tag according to a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention is a clip-shaped RFID tag attachable to and detachablefrom a conductor of an article, including a conductive clip attachableto the conductor; a loop conductor including a first loop end and asecond loop end; an RFIC element including a first terminal electrodeand a second terminal electrode respectively connected to the first loopend and the second loop end; and a connection conductor including afirst end connected to the clip and a second end connected to the loopconductor in the vicinity of the first loop end.

Preferably, the first end of the connection conductor is connected tothe clip at a position opposite to a point of action of the cliprelative to a fulcrum of the clip.

Preferably, the RFIC element includes an RFIC chip including a firstinput/output terminal and a second input/output terminal respectivelyconnected to the first terminal electrode and the second terminalelectrode; an electrical length between the first input/output terminaland the second input/output terminal is about ½ of a wavelength of acommunication signal; and an electrical length from a tip of the clip tothe first input/output terminal is less than about ½ of a wavelength ofthe communication signal.

An article including an RFID tag according to a preferred embodiment ofthe present invention includes an article including a conductor; and aclip-shaped RFID tag attachable to and detachable from the conductor,the clip-shaped RFID tag including a conductive clip attached to theconductor, a loop conductor including a first loop end and a second loopend, an RFIC element including a first terminal electrode and a secondterminal electrode respectively connected to the first loop end and thesecond loop end, and a connection conductor including a first endconnected to the clip and a second end connected to the loop conductorin the vicinity of the first loop end.

A current flowing through the loop conductor is maximized in thevicinity of a loop end. Therefore, when the loop conductor and theobject are connected, connecting the connection conductor in thevicinity of the loop end maximizes the current flowing through the metalbody of the object and therefore improves the gain. By disposing theloop conductor on the object such that the loop surface is along thesurface of the object, the robustness of the wireless IC device isimproved.

A current amount (current density) flowing through the loop conductor ismaximized in the vicinity of a loop end. Therefore, when the loopconductor and the clip is connected, connecting the connection conductorin the vicinity of the loop end maximizes the current amount flowingthrough the clip and therefore maximizes the current amount flowingthrough the conductor of the article to which the clip is attached. Theconductor of the article defines and functions as a radiator or aradiation element, so that a high gain is produced. As a result, thecommunication characteristics are improved.

The above and other elements, features, steps, characteristics andadvantages of the present invention will become more apparent from thefollowing detailed description of the preferred embodiments withreference to the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a basic configuration of a preferredembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an example of a wireless IC device of afirst preferred embodiment of the present invention viewed obliquelyfrom above.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the wireless IC device of the first preferredembodiment of the present invention viewed from directly above.

FIG. 4 is a schematic of a connected state between an end of aconnection conductor and a columnar body.

FIG. 5 is a schematic of an example of a structure of an RFIC elementapplied to the wireless IC device of the first preferred embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of the wireless ICdevice of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of the wireless ICdevice of a modification example of the first preferred embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an example of a wireless IC device of asecond preferred embodiment of the present invention viewed obliquelyfrom above.

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of an antenna conductor and anRFIC element mounted thereon.

FIG. 10 is a schematic of a connected state between the antennaconductor and a columnar body.

FIG. 11A is a schematic view of a portion of a process of producing theantenna conductor, FIG. 11B is a schematic view of another portion ofthe process of producing the antenna conductor, FIG. 11C is a schematicview of yet another portion of the process of producing the antennaconductor, and FIG. 11D is a schematic view of a further portion of theprocess of mounting an RFIC chip on the antenna conductor.

FIG. 12A is a top view of a clip-shaped RFID tag of a third preferredembodiment of the present invention viewed from directly above and FIG.12B is a side view of the clip-shaped RFID tag of the third preferredembodiment of the present invention from the side.

FIG. 13 is a schematic of a connected state between a loop conductor anda connection conductor applied to the clip-shaped RFID tag of the thirdpreferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic of a connected state between an RFIC element andthe loop conductor applied to the clip-shaped RFID tag of the thirdpreferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a structure of the RFIC elementapplied to the clip-shaped RFID tag of the third preferred embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of the RFICelement applied to the clip-shaped RFID tag of the third preferredembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17A is a top view of the clip-shaped RFID tag of the thirdpreferred embodiment of the present invention and a tray to which theclip-shaped RFID tag is attached viewed from directly above and FIG. 17Bis a side view of the clip-shaped RFID tag of the third preferredembodiment of the present invention and the tray to which theclip-shaped RFID tag is attached viewed from the side.

FIG. 18 is a front view of the clip-shaped RFID tag of the thirdpreferred embodiment of the present invention and a binder notebook towhich the clip-shaped RFID tag is attached viewed from the front.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a binder clip when viewed obliquely.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a bulldog clip when viewed obliquely.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1, a wireless IC device 1 according to a preferredembodiment of the present invention preferably is an RFID device usingthe UHF band as a communication frequency. The wireless IC device 1includes a loop conductor 2, an RFIC element 3, a connection conductor4, and a metal body 5. The metal body 5 preferably has a rectangular orsubstantially rectangular columnar shape. The loop conductor 2, the RFICelement 3, and the connection conductor 4 are disposed on an uppersurface of the metal body 5.

Specifically, the loop conductor 2 is disposed in a posture with a loopsurface thereof parallel or substantially parallel to the upper surfaceof the metal body 5 at a slight distance from the upper surface of themetal body 5. In other words, the loop conductor 2 is disposed in aposture with the loop surface extending along the upper surface of themetal body 5 without contacting with the metal body 5 above the metalbody 5.

An RFIC chip (not shown) includes a first input/output terminal and asecond input/output terminal, and the RFIC is embedded inside the RFICelement 3. A lower surface of the RFIC element 3 is provided with afirst terminal electrode and a second terminal electrode (both notshown) respectively connected to the first input/output terminal and thesecond input/output terminal. The first terminal electrode is connectedto one end (a first loop end) 201 of the loop conductor 2, and thesecond terminal electrode is connected to the other end (a second loopend) 202 of the loop conductor 2. One end (a first end) 401 of theconnection conductor 4 is connected to the vicinity of the one end 201of the loop conductor 2, and the other end (a second end) 402 of theconnection conductor 4 is connected to a predetermined position (certainedge) on the upper surface of the metal body 5.

With regard to the “vicinity” described above, when a length (anelectrical length) from the one end 201 to the other end 202 of the loopconductor 2 is A, the connection conductor 4 is preferably connected tothe loop conductor 2 within a range of length from the one end 201 up toapproximately A/4, more preferably within a range of length from the oneend 201 up to approximately A/8, for example.

An electrical length between the first input/output terminal and thesecond input/output terminal disposed on the RFIC chip is adjusted toabout λ/2. The height of the metal body 5 (distance from the uppersurface to the lower surface) is adjusted to about λ/2 or more. Sincethe other end 402 of the connection conductor 4 is connected to thepredetermined position on the upper surface of the metal body 5, anelectrical length from a farthest end of the metal body 5 based on thepredetermined position to the first input/output terminal is also aboutλ/2 or more.

When a radio-frequency signal is transmitted from the RFIC element 3, acurrent I flows through the loop conductor 2 in a λ/4 mode, and acurrent I′ originated from the current I flows through the metal body 5in a λ/2 mode. Therefore, the loop conductor 2 defines and functions asan exciter or an exciting loop, and the metal body 5 defines andfunctions as a radiator.

The one end 401 of the connection conductor 4 is connected to a point atwhich the current I flowing through the loop conductor 2 is maximized.As a result, the current I′ flowing through the metal body 5 is alsomaximized and, therefore, the radio-frequency transmission performanceis improved (the gain for the wireless IC device is significantlyimproved). The loop surface of the loop conductor 2 is parallel orsubstantially parallel to the upper surface of the metal body 5.Therefore, the loop conductor 2 does not significantly project from theupper surface of the metal body 5 and the wireless IC device 1 is ableto be enhanced in robustness.

First Preferred Embodiment

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a wireless IC device 10 of a first preferredembodiment of the present invention includes a loop-shaped antennaconductor 12, a rectangular or substantially rectangular parallelepipedRFIC element 14, a belt-shaped connection conductor 16, an insulatingpedestal (spacer) 18 defining a flat plate, and a rectangular orsubstantially rectangular columnar body 20. In the first preferredembodiment, an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis are assigned to a widthdirection, a depth direction, and a height direction, respectively, ofthe columnar body 20.

The pedestal 18 includes a principal surface smaller than an uppersurface of the columnar body 20 and is placed in a posture with theprincipal surface perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to theZ-axis on the center of the upper surface of the columnar body 20. Theantenna conductor 12 has a loop surface smaller than the principalsurface of the pedestal 18 and is placed in a posture with the loopsurface perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the Z-axis onthe center of one principal surface (an upper surface) of the pedestal18. Therefore, the antenna conductor 12 is disposed in a posture withthe loop surface parallel or substantially parallel to the upper surfaceof the columnar body 20 (in a posture with the loop surface extendingalong the upper surface of the columnar body 20) at a position away fromthe columnar body 20. The RFIC element 14 is smaller than the antennaconductor 12 and is mounted on the antenna conductor 12 to straddle oneend (a first loop end) 1201 and the other end (a second loop end) 1202of the antenna conductor 12.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, the RFIC element 14 includes an RFIC chip 14e processing an RFID signal and a power feeding circuit board 14 c onwhich the RFIC chip 14 e is mounted. The power feeding circuit board 14c is made of ceramic or resin and has a plate shape. The RFIC chip 14 eincludes a memory circuit and a signal processing circuit built-in andis sealed by a resin sealing layer 14 d. The side surfaces of the powerfeeding circuit board 14 c are perpendicular or substantiallyperpendicular to either the X-axis or Y-axis, and the side surfaces ofthe sealing layer 14 d are flush with the side surfaces of the powerfeeding circuit board 14 c.

A lower surface of the RFIC element 14 is provided with terminalelectrodes 14 a and 14 b (14 a: a first terminal electrode, 14 b: asecond terminal electrode) arranged along the X-axis. The terminalelectrode 14 a is connected or bonded via a conductive bonding material24 a (made of solder etc.) to the one end 1201 of the antenna conductor12, and the terminal electrode 14 b is connected or bonded via aconductive bonding material 24 b (made of solder etc.) to the other end1202 of the antenna conductor 12.

Input/output terminals 14 f and 14 g are provided on an upper surface ofthe power feeding circuit board 14 c. Input/output terminals 14 h and 14i (14 h: a first input/output terminal, 14 i: a second input/outputterminal) are provided on a lower surface of the RFIC chip 14 e. Theinput/output terminals 14 f and 14 g are connected or bonded byconductive bonding materials not shown (made of Ag etc.) to theinput/output terminals 14 h and 14 i, respectively. The input/outputterminals 14 h and 14 i are connected via a power feeding circuit 14 fct(see FIG. 6) disposed on the power feeding circuit board 14 c to theterminal electrodes 14 a and 14 b, respectively.

One end (a first end) 1601 of the connection conductor 16 is connectedto the vicinity of the one end 1201 of the antenna conductor 12, and theother end (a second end) 1602 of the connection conductor 16 isconnected to a predetermined position (certain edge) on the uppersurface of the columnar body 20. Referring to FIG. 4, the columnar body20 preferably includes a solid or hollow metal body 20 m and aninsulation film 20 i covering the surface of the metal body 20 m. Theone end 1601 of the connection conductor 16 is connected via aconductive bonding material such as solder to the antenna conductor 12,and the other end 1602 of the connection conductor 16 is bonded via aninsulating bonding material 22 to the upper surface of the columnar body20.

With regard to the “vicinity” described above, when a length (anelectrical length) from the one end 1201 to the other end 1202 of theantenna conductor 12 is A, the connection conductor 16 is preferablyconnected to the antenna conductor 12 within a range of length from theone end 1201 up to approximately A/4, more preferably within a range oflength from the one end 1201 up to approximately A/8, for example.

FIG. 6 shows an equivalent circuit of the wireless IC device 10. Thepower feeding circuit 14 fct is disposed on the power feeding circuitboard 14 c. One end of a capacitor C1 is connected to the terminalelectrode 14 a, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected toone end of an inductor L2. The other end of the inductor L2 is connectedto the input/output terminal 14 f, and therefore, to the input/outputterminal 14 h. One end of a capacitor C2 is connected to the terminalelectrode 14 b, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected tothe input/output terminal 14 g, and therefore, to the input/outputterminal 14 i. One end of an inductor L1 is connected to the other endof the capacitor C1, and the other end of the inductor L1 is connectedto the other end of the capacitor C2.

An inductor L0 is an inductor component of the antenna conductor 12 andis magnetically coupled to the inductors L1 and L2. A capacitorcomponent based on the insulating bonding material 22 and the insulationfilm 20 i is present between the other end 1602 of the connectionconductor 16 and the metal body 20 m. A capacitor C0 is this capacitorcomponent. The inductor L0 and the capacitor C0 enable matching in abroadband.

An electrical length between the two input/output terminals 14 h and 14i disposed on the RFIC chip 14 e is adjusted to about λ/2. The height ofthe metal body 20 m (distance from the upper surface to the lowersurface) is adjusted to about λ/2 or more. Since the other end 1602 ofthe connection conductor 16 is connected to the predetermined positionon the upper surface of the columnar body 20, an electrical length froma farthest end of the metal body 20 m based on the predeterminedposition to the input/output terminal 14 h is also about λ/2 or more.

When a radio-frequency signal is transmitted from the RFIC element 14,the current I′ originated from the current I flowing through the antennaconductor 12 flows through the columnar body 20. In this case, a maximumcurrent point is formed at a position in the vicinity of the both ends1201, 1202 of the antenna conductor 12, and a maximum voltage point isformed at a position in the vicinity of the center of the antennaconductor 12 (a position farthest from the RFIC element 14). Therefore,the antenna conductor 12 defines and functions as a first radiationelement (an exciter or an exciting loop).

Since the other end 1602 of the connection conductor 16 is connected tothe predetermined position on the upper surface of the columnar body 20when the antenna conductor 12 and the columnar body 20 are connected,the current I′ tends to flow through the side surfaces of the metal body20 m, and the columnar body 20 defines and functions as a secondradiation element.

Additionally, since the one end 1601 of the connection conductor 16 isconnected to the maximum current point of the antenna conductor 12, thecurrent I′ flowing through the columnar body 20 is also maximized. As aresult, the radio-frequency transmission performance is improved (thegain for the wireless IC device is significantly improved).

Since the loop surface of the antenna conductor 12 is parallel orsubstantially parallel to the upper surface of the columnar body 20, theantenna conductor 12 does not significantly project from the uppersurface of the columnar body 20. As a result, the wireless IC device 10is able to be enhanced in robustness.

Although the power feeding circuit 14 fct shown in FIG. 6 is disposed onthe power feeding circuit board 14 c in the first preferred embodiment,the power feeding circuit 14 fct may not be included. In this case, theequivalent circuit is configured as shown in FIG. 7.

In the first preferred embodiment, the other end 1602 of the connectionconductor 16 is bonded via the insulating bonding material 22 to theupper surface of the columnar body 20. However, the other end 1602 ofthe connection conductor 16 may directly be connected to the metal body20 m.

In the first preferred embodiment, the RFIC element 14 has the structurein which the RFIC chip 14 e is sealed by the sealing layer 14 d so as toenhance the robustness. However, an RFIC bare chip may be configured asthe RFIC element 14.

Second Preferred Embodiment

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, a wireless IC device 10 a of a secondpreferred embodiment of the present invention preferably includes anantenna conductor 32, the RFIC element 14, and a circular columnar body30.

The antenna conductor 32 is a conductor including a loop portion (loopconductor) 321 p, a leg portion (portion of a connection conductor) 321g, and a fixing portion (another portion of the connection conductor) 32fx integrally formed. As described later in detail, the antennaconductor 32 is produced preferably by punching and bending of a hoopmaterial. As a result, a principal surface of the loop portion 321 p anda principal surface of the fixing portion 32 fx spread in parallel orsubstantially in parallel with each other, and a principal surface ofthe leg portion 321 g extends perpendicularly or substantiallyperpendicularly to the principal surface of the loop portion 321 p orthe fixing portion 32 fx.

The loop portion 321 p includes one end (a first loop end) 321 p 01 andthe other end (a second loop end) 321 p 02 and defines a loopconsiderably smaller than an upper surface (=a cross sectionperpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the axis of the column)of the columnar body 30. In this case, a loop surface extends parallelor substantially parallel with the principal surface of the loop portion321 p.

The one end 321 g 01 of the leg portion 321 g defines a first end of theconnection conductor and is connected to the vicinity of the one end 321p 01 of the loop portion 321 p. The other end 321 g 02 of the legportion 321 g is connected to the fixing portion 32 fx. The fixingportion 32 fx also defines a loop, and the other end 321 g 02 of the legportion 321 g is connected to one end of this loop. The other end (asecond end of the connection conductor) 32 fx 01 of the loop drawn bythe fixing portion 32 fx is connected to a predetermined position(certain edge) on the upper surface of the columnar body 30.

With regard to the “vicinity” described above, when a length (anelectrical length) from the one end 321 p 01 to the other end 321 p 02of the loop portion 321 p is A, the leg portion 321 g is preferablyconnected to the loop portion 321 p within a range of length from theone end 321 p 01 up to approximately A/4, more preferably within a rangeof length from the one end 321 p 01 up to approximately A/8, forexample.

While the antenna conductor 32 is mounted on the upper surface of thecolumnar body 30 in this way, the principal surface of the fixingportion 32 fx extends parallel or substantially parallel with the uppersurface of the columnar body 30. The principal surface of the loopportion 321 p extends parallel or substantially parallel with theprincipal surface of the fixing portion 32 fx, and the loop portion 321p is connected via the leg portion 321 g to the fixing portion 32 fx.Therefore, the loop portion 321 p is disposed in a posture with the loopsurface parallel to the upper surface of the columnar body 30 (in aposture with the loop surface extending along the upper surface of thecolumnar body 30) at a position at a predetermined interval from thecolumnar body 30.

The RFIC element 14 has the structure shown in FIG. 5 and is smallerthan the loop portion 321 p and mounted on the loop portion 321 p tostraddle the one end 321 p 01 and the other end 321 p 02 of the loopportion 321 p. The terminal electrodes 14 a and 14 b disposed on theRFIC element 14 are respectively connected or bonded via conductivebonding materials (not shown) such as solder to the one end 321 p 01 andthe other end 321 p 02 of the loop portion 321 p.

Referring to FIG. 10, the columnar body 30 includes a solid or hollowmetal body 30 m and an insulation film 30 i covering the surface of themetal body 30 m. The fixing portion 32 fx is bonded via an insulatingbonding material 34 to the upper surface of the columnar body 30.

An electrical length between the two input/output terminals 14 h and 14i disposed on the RFIC chip 14 e is adjusted to about λ/2. The height ofthe metal body 30 m (distance from the upper surface to the lowersurface) is adjusted to about λ/2 or more. Since the loop portion 321 pis connected via the leg portion 321 g and the fixing portion 32 fx tothe upper surface of the columnar body 30, an electrical length from afarthest end of the metal body 30 m based on the predetermined positionof connection of the fixing portion 32 fx to the input/output terminal14 h is also about λ/2 or more.

When a radio-frequency signal is transmitted from the RFIC element 14,the current I′ originated from the current I flowing through the loopportion 321 p flows through the columnar body 30. In this case, amaximum current point is formed at a position in the vicinity of theboth ends 321 p 01, 321 p 02 of the loop portion 321 p, and a maximumvoltage point is formed at a position in the vicinity of the center ofthe loop portion 321 p (a position farthest from the RFIC element 14).Therefore, the loop portion 321 p defines and functions as the firstradiation element (an exciter or an exciting loop).

Since the other end 32 fx 02 of the fixing portion 32 fx connected viathe leg portion 321 g to the loop portion 321 p is connected to thepredetermined position on the upper surface of the columnar body 30, thecurrent I′ tends to flow through the side surfaces of the metal body 30m, and the columnar body 30 defines and functions as the secondradiation element.

Additionally, since the one end 321 g 01 of the leg portion 321 g isconnected to the maximum current point of the loop portion 321 p, thecurrent I′ flowing through the columnar body 30 is also maximized. As aresult, the radio-frequency transmission performance is improved (thegain for the wireless IC device is significantly improved).

Since the loop surface of the loop portion 321 p is parallel orsubstantially parallel to the upper surface of the columnar body 30, theloop portion 321 p does not significantly project from the upper surfaceof the columnar body 30. As a result, the wireless IC device 10 a isable to be enhanced in robustness.

A non-limiting example of a method of manufacturing the antennaconductor 32 and a method of mounting the RFIC element 14 will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 11A to 11D.

First, a plate-shaped conductor including the loop portion 321 p, theleg portion 321 g, and the fixing portion 32 fx is punched out from ahoop material (see FIG. 11A). The leg portion 321 g and the fixingportion 32 fx are then bent 90° downward at a connection portion betweenthe loop portion 321 p and the leg portion 321 g (see FIG. 11B).Subsequently, the fixing portion 32 fx is bent 90° upward at aconnection portion between the leg portion 321 g and the fixing portion32 fx (see FIG. 11C). After the antenna conductor 32 is completed inthis way, the RFIC element 14 is mounted to straddle the one end 321 p01 and the other end 321 p 02 of the loop portion 321 p (see FIG. 11D).

As described above, the loop portion 321 p, the leg portion 321 g, andthe fixing portion 32 fx of the antenna conductor 32 are preferablyintegrally formed by punching and bending of the hoop material.Therefore, the antenna conductor 32 is easily produced.

Third Preferred Embodiment

Referring to FIGS. 12A, 12B, 13, and 14, a clip-shaped RFID tag 100 of athird preferred embodiment of the present invention preferably is anRFID tag using the 900 MHz band as a communication frequency andincludes a crocodile clip 120, a lead wire 140, an RFIC element 180, anda loop conductor 220.

The crocodile clip 120 includes conductive clip pieces 121 and 122. Aserrated locking portion 121 t is provided on an inside surface of a tipof the clip piece 121, and a serrated locking portion 122 t is providedon an inside surface of a tip of the clip piece 122. The length of theclip piece 122 exceeds the length of the clip piece 121, and a retainer124 (described later in detail) retaining the lead wire 140 is providedat a base end of the clip piece 122.

The clip pieces 121 and 122 are supported by a conductive shaft(supporting member) 123 such that the locking portions 121 t and 122 tengage with each other, and are made swingable in the rotation directionof the shaft 123. A torsion coil spring not shown is disposed around theshaft 123, and the locking portion 121 t of the clip piece 121 ispressed against the locking portion 122 t of the clip piece 122 by therestoring force of the torsion coil spring.

The crocodile clip 120 having such a structure allows the shaft 123 todefine and function as a fulcrum, the tips of the clip pieces 121 and122 to define and function as points of action, and the base ends of theclip pieces 121 and 122 to define and function as points of force. Thelocking portion 121 t of the clip piece 121 is separated from thelocking portion 122 t of the clip piece 122 by applying to the points ofeffort an external force exceeding the restoring force of the torsioncoil spring in the opposite direction.

The loop conductor 220 is a loop-shaped antenna conductor including afirst loop end 2201 and a second loop end 2202 and is supported by aninsulating base plate 200. The base plate 200 has a principal surfacedefining a rectangle, and the size of this rectangle is identical to therectangle circumscribing the loop conductor 220 in a planar view.

The lead wire 140 includes a wire connection conductor (core wire) 142and a resin 141 covering the connection conductor 142 except a first end14201 and a second end 14202. A certain position of the lead wire 140 (aposition closer to the first end 14201 as compared to the center of theresin 141 in the length direction) is engaged with the retainer 124disposed at the base end of the clip piece 122. As a result, the leadwire 140 is retained by the crocodile clip 120.

The first end 14201 of the connection conductor 142 is connected to theclip piece 122 by a conductive bonding material 161 (made of solderetc.; the same shall apply hereinafter). The second end 14202 of theconnection conductor 142 is connected to the loop conductor 220 by aconductive bonding material 162. More specifically, the first end 14201of the connection conductor 142 is connected to the clip piece 122 at aposition close to the retainer 124, i.e., a position opposite to thepoint of action of the crocodile clip 120 relative to the fulcrum of thecrocodile clip 120. The second end 14202 of the connection conductor 142is connected to the vicinity of the first loop end 22001 of the loopconductor 220.

With regard to the “vicinity,” when a length (an electrical length) fromthe first loop end 22001 to the second loop end 22002 of the loopconductor 220 is A, the connection conductor 142 is preferably connectedto the loop conductor 220 within a range of length from the first loopend 22001 up to approximately A/4, more preferably within a range oflength from the first loop end 22001 up to approximately A/8, forexample.

Connecting the first end 14201 of the connection conductor 142 to theposition described above reduces the risk of the connection conductor142 preventing the attachment/detachment of the clip 120 and extends theelectrical length from the tip of the clip piece 122 to the second end14202 of the connection conductor 142 (described later in detail).

The RFIC element 180 is mounted on the loop conductor 220 to straddlethe first loop end 22001 and the second loop end 22002. Specifically,the RFIC element 180 includes a first terminal electrode 180 a and asecond terminal electrode 180 b, and the first terminal electrode 180 ais connected by a conductive bonding material 240 a to the first loopend 22001 while the second terminal electrode 180 b is connected by aconductive bonding material 240 b to the second loop end 22002.

As can be seen from FIG. 15, the RFIC element 180 preferably includes anRFIC chip 180 e processing an RFID signal and a power feeding circuitboard 180 c on which the RFIC chip 180 e is mounted. The power feedingcircuit board 180 c is made of ceramic or resin and preferably has aplate shape. The RFIC chip 180 e includes a memory circuit and a signalprocessing circuit built-in and is sealed by a resin sealing layer 180d.

Input/output terminals 180 f and 180 g are provided on an upper surfaceof the power feeding circuit board 180 c. Input/output terminals 180 hand 180 i (180 h: a first input/output terminal, 180 i: a secondinput/output terminal) are provided on a lower surface of the RFIC chip180 e. The input/output terminals 180 f and 180 g are connected byconductive bonding materials not shown (made of Ag etc.) to theinput/output terminals 180 h and 180 i, respectively. The input/outputterminals 180 f and 180 g are connected via a power feeding circuit 180j (see FIG. 16) disposed on the power feeding circuit board 180 c to thefirst terminal electrode 180 a and the second terminal electrode 180 b,respectively.

FIG. 16 shows an equivalent circuit of the RFIC element 180. In thepower feeding circuit 180 j, one end of a capacitor C11 is connected tothe first terminal electrode 180 a, and the other end of the capacitorC11 is connected to one end of an inductor L11. The other end of theinductor L11 is connected to the input/output terminal 180 f, andtherefore, to the input/output terminal 180 h. One end of a capacitorC12 is connected to the second terminal electrode 180 b, and the otherend of the capacitor C12 is connected to the input/output terminal 180g, and therefore, to the input/output terminal 180 i. One end of aninductor L12 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C11, and theother end of the inductor L12 is connected to the other end of thecapacitor C12. The inductors L11 to L12 and the capacitors C11 to C12enable matching in a broadband.

An electrical length between the input/output terminals 180 h and 180 idisposed on the RFIC chip 180 e is adjusted to about λ/2 (=½ wavelengthof a communication signal). In contrast, an electrical length from theinput/output terminal 180 h to the tip of the clip piece 122 is adjustedto a value less than about λ/2 (preferably, a value set as close aspossible to about λ/2 without causing resonance).

The clip-shaped RFID tag 100 is attached to a conductive tray (article)300 made of metal or carbon in a manner shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B. Anelectrical length from a farthest end of the tray 300 based on theattachment position (an end in an open state farthest from theattachment position) to the input/output terminal 180 h indicates avalue of about λ/2 or more. If the clip-shaped RFID tag 100 is attachedto a predetermined position of the tray 300, an electrical length fromthe farthest end of the tray 300 based on the predetermined position tothe input/output terminal 180 h indicates an integer multiple of aboutλ/2.

When a radio-frequency signal is transmitted from the RFIC element 180,the current I′ originated from the current I flowing through the loopconductor 220 flows through the crocodile clip 120 and the tray 300. Inthis case, a maximum current point (a point of maximized currentdensity) is formed at a position in the vicinity of the both ends 22001,22002 of the loop conductor 220, and a maximum voltage point is formedat a position in the vicinity of the center of the loop conductor 220 (aposition farthest from the RFIC element 180). Therefore, the loopconductor 220 defines and functions as an exciter or an exciting loop,and the crocodile clip 120 and the tray 300 define and function asradiators or radiation elements.

Additionally, since the second end 14202 of the connection conductor 142is connected to the maximum current point of the loop conductor 220, thecurrent I′ flowing through the crocodile clip 120 and the tray 300 isalso maximized. As a result, the gain of the communication signal issignificantly improved. In other words, an improvement is made inradio-frequency transmission performance or communicationcharacteristics.

Since the electrical length from the input/output terminal 180 h to thetip of the clip piece 122 is adjusted to a value less than about λ/2,the gain of the communication signal is significantly reduced when theclip-shaped RFID tag 100 is removed from the tray 300. Therefore, acommunication operation is able to be substantially turned on/off byattaching/detaching the clip-shaped RFID tag 100 to/from the tray 300.

In the third preferred embodiment, the clip-shaped RFID tag 100 isassumed to be attached to the conductive tray 300. However, a bindernotebook 400 shown in FIG. 18 may be prepared as the article, and theclip-shaped RFID tag 100 may be attached to a helical metal fitting(conductor) 400 m disposed on the binder notebook 400. In this case, thelength of the helix defining the metal fitting 400 m is adjusted to alength corresponding to an electrical length of about λ/2 or more.Therefore, when the clip-shaped RFID tag 100 is attached to the metalfitting 400 m, the metal fitting 400 m defines and functions as aradiator or a radiating element.

Although the metal fitting 400 m is assumed to be formed into a helicalshape in FIG. 18, a plurality of metal fittings each defining a ring maybe used instead of the helical metal fitting 400 m. In this case, therings must be adjusted in size such that an electrical length from afarthest end of the rings to the input/output terminal 180 h becomesequal to or greater than about λ/2, for example.

Although the crocodile clip 120 is preferably used as the clip in thethird preferred embodiment, a conductive binder clip or bulldog clip maybe used instead (see FIGS. 19 and 20).

In the third preferred embodiment, the locking portions 121 t and 122 tof the crocodile clip 120 are directly connected to the conductor of thearticle. However, a non-slip member such as conductive rubber orinsulating rubber may be attached to each of the locking portions 121 tand 122 t. Attachment of the non-slip members reduces the risk of thecrocodile clip 120 easily dropping off from the article. If insulatingrubber is used as the non-slip member, a capacitance is generatedbetween the locking portion 121 t or 122 t and the article.

Although the power feeding circuit 180 j shown in FIG. 16 is disposed onthe power feeding circuit board 180 c in the third preferred embodiment,the power feeding circuit 18 j may not be included. In the thirdpreferred embodiment, the RFIC element 180 has the structure in whichthe RFIC chip 180 e is sealed by the sealing layer 180 d so as toenhance the robustness. However, an RFIC bare chip may be configured asthe RFIC element 180.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been describedabove, it is to be understood that variations and modifications will beapparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scopeand spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention,therefore, is to be determined solely by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless IC device comprising: an objectincluding a metal body; a loop conductor including a first loop end anda second loop end; an RFIC element including a first terminal electrodeand a second terminal electrode respectively connected to the first loopend and the second loop end; and a connection conductor including afirst end and a second end respectively connected to the loop conductorand the object; wherein a loop surface of the loop conductor extendsalong a surface of the object.
 2. The wireless IC device according toclaim 1, wherein the RFIC element includes an RFIC chip including afirst input/output terminal and a second input/output terminalrespectively connected to the first terminal electrode and the secondterminal electrode; an electrical length between the first input/outputterminal and the second input/output terminal is about ½ of a wavelengthof a communication signal; and an electrical length from a farthest endof the metal body based on the second end to the first input/outputterminal is equal to or greater than about ½ of a wavelength of thecommunication signal.
 3. The wireless IC device according to claim 2,wherein the metal body includes a first edge different from a secondedge corresponding to the farthest end of the metal body; and the secondend is connected at the first edge to the object.
 4. The wireless ICdevice according to claim 2, wherein the RFIC element further includes apower feeding circuit located between the loop conductor and the RFICchip; and the first terminal electrode and the second terminal electrodeare connected through the power feeding circuit to the firstinput/output terminal and the second input/output terminal.
 5. Thewireless IC device according to claim 1, further comprising an insulatoron the surface of the object; wherein the second end is connectedthrough the insulator to the object.
 6. The wireless IC device accordingto claim 1, wherein the loop conductor, the RFIC element, and theconnection conductor are disposed on an upper surface of the metal body.7. The wireless IC device according to claim 1, wherein a length fromthe first loop end to the second loop end of the loop conductor is A,the connection conductor is connected to the loop conductor within arange of length from the first loop end up to approximately A/4.
 8. Thewireless IC device according to claim 1, wherein a length from the firstloop end to the second loop end of the loop conductor is A, theconnection conductor is connected to the loop conductor within a rangeof length from the first loop end up to approximately A/8.
 9. Thewireless IC device according to claim 1, wherein the RFIC elementincludes an RFIC chip and a power feeding circuit board.
 10. Thewireless IC device according to claim 9, further comprising a sealinglayer that seals the RFIC chip to the power feeding circuit board. 11.The wireless IC device according to claim 1, wherein the loop conductordefines an antenna conductor that includes a leg portion and a fixingportion.